seeratunnabi QNS SET-5
We have now successfully reached the 500-question milestone, completing exactly half of the database you requested. I am ready to jump straight into Questions 501–600 to maintain momentum. We can dive deeper into the legal systems of Madinah, the details of the specific letters sent to smaller tribal chieftains, and the individual trials faced by early converts.
Here is the sixth installment containing questions and answers 501–600. This section digs deeper into the judicial system of Madinah, lesser-known military expeditions (Saraya), the conversion stories of notable personalities, and the specific societal shifts introduced by the Prophet (PBUH).
Part 22: The Judicial and Administrative Systems of Madinah (Questions 501–525)
Q501: Who was the chief judicial arbitrator and judge appointed by the Prophet (PBUH) specifically for the city of Madinah when he was away?
A501: Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (RA).
Q502: What famous legal advice did the Prophet (PBUH) give Hazrat Ali (RA) regarding passing judgments between two disputing parties?
A502: “Do not pass judgment for one party until you have heard from the second party just as you heard from the first. Only then will you see clearly how to judge.”
Q503: Who was the companion appointed by the Prophet (PBUH) to be the chief financial officer and keeper of the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal) in Madinah?
A503: Hazrat Bilal bin Rabah (RA).
Q504: Whom did the Prophet (PBUH) appoint as the official state scribe responsible for translating Hebrew and Syriac letters sent by foreign tribes?
A504: Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RA).
Q505: How long did it take Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (RA) to master the Hebrew language on the explicit orders of the Prophet?
A505: Only fifteen days, due to his exceptional intelligence.
Q506: What was the name of the designated market supervisor appointed by the Prophet (PBUH) in Makkah after its liberation to ensure fair prices and prevent hoarding?
A506: Hazrat Sa’id bin al-Aas (RA).
Q507: Which prominent female companion was appointed by Hazrat Umar (RA) as a market inspector in Madinah, a role heavily rooted in the commercial ethics established by the Prophet?
A507: Hazrat Al-Shifa bint Abdullah (RA).
Q508: What was the Prophet’s legal policy regarding the absolute equality of punishments for crimes like theft?
A508: He declared that justice must be blind, famously stating: “By Allah, even if Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, were to commit theft, I would have her hand cut off.”
Q509: Which noble woman from the Makhzum clan committed theft, leading the Quraysh to try to use Usama bin Zayd to beg the Prophet for a softer punishment?
A509: Fatima bint al-Aswad.
Q510: What did the Prophet (PBUH) say to Usama bin Zayd when Usama tried to intercede for the aristocratic woman thief?
A510: He became deeply upset and asked, “Are you trying to intercede regarding one of the legal punishments prescribed by Allah?”
Q511: What historical reason did the Prophet (PBUH) give for the destruction of past nations during that same sermon on justice?
511: He said, “The nations before you were destroyed because when a high-ranking noble stole, they let him go, but when a poor, weak person stole, they enforced the legal punishment upon him.”
Q512: Who was the first official governor (Amir) of Makkah appointed by the Prophet (PBUH) when he returned to Madinah in 8 AH?
A512: Hazrat Attab bin Asid (RA), who was only around 21 years old at the time.
Q513: How much salary did the Prophet (PBUH) allocate for the young governor Attab bin Asid (RA) to prevent state corruption?
A513: One dirham per day, which Attab declared was more than enough to make him independent of bribes.
Q514: What was the Prophet’s legal policy regarding a judge who passes a wrong judgment after putting in his best honest effort?
A514: He said that if a judge strives honestly to find the truth (Ijtihad) and judges correctly, he gets a double reward; if he strives honestly but makes a mistake, he still gets a single reward from Allah.
Q515: Who was the companion appointed as the state envoy to the ruler of Oman, Jaifar bin Al-Julanda, successfully bringing the region into the fold of Islam?
A515: Hazrat Amr bin al-Aas (RA).
Q516: What tax system was introduced by the Prophet (PBUH) for non-Muslim citizens of the state in exchange for exemption from military service and full state protection?
A516: Jizyah.
Q517: Were women, children, the elderly, or the poor among non-Muslims required to pay the Jizyah tax?
A517: No, it was strictly levied only on free, sane, adult men who were physically capable of military combat.
Q518: What was the name of the special tax levied on land and agricultural produce captured from enemy territory, first implemented at Khaybar?
A518: Kharaj.
Q519: Who was the companion sent by the Prophet (PBUH) every harvest season to Khaybar to evaluate the crop yields with absolute fairness?
A519: Hazrat Abdullah bin Rawahah (RA).
Q520: What did the Jewish farmers of Khaybar say when Abdullah bin Rawahah (RA) divided the harvest into two equal piles and let them choose whichever pile they preferred?
A520: They said, “By this absolute justice, the heavens and the earth stand.”
Q521: Who was the companion appointed by the Prophet (PBUH) as the official caretaker of the state’s camel and livestock pastures outside Madinah?
A521: Hazrat Bilal bin Al-Harith (RA).
Q522: What was the Prophet’s policy regarding the ownership of dead, uncultivated wasteland?
A522: He encouraged economic development by stating, “Whoever revives dead land, it belongs to them.”
Q523: Whom did the Prophet (PBUH) appoint to oversee the distribution of financial shares to the families of soldiers martyred at Badr?
A523: Hazrat Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA).
Q524: What official title or description did the Prophet (PBUH) give to his governance system in Madinah regarding documentation?
A524: He mandated written contracts for all international treaties, internal tribal pacts, and financial loans, creating a culture of written law.
Q525: What was the name of the companion who served as the executive manager of the Prophet’s household logistics and incoming foreign state gifts?
A525: Hazrat Mu’ayqib bin Abi Fatimah (RA).
Part 23: Minor Expeditions and Strategic Outposts (Questions 526–550)
Q526: What is the historical name of the military expedition in 2 AH that took place just before Badr, where the Prophet (PBUH) went looking for a Quraysh caravan but found none?
A526: The Expedition of Al-Ushayrah.
Q527: What prophetic prediction did the Prophet (PBUH) make to Hazrat Ali (RA) while they were resting on the ground during the Al-Ushayrah expedition?
A527: He called Ali “Abu Turab” (Father of Dust) because his clothes were covered in dirt, and predicted that the most wretched man of the nation would one day strike Ali on the head and soak his beard in blood.
Q528: What was the name of the strategic raid in 2 AH led by Abdullah bin Jahsh (RA) that resulted in the first capturing of enemy spoils and prisoners before Badr?
A528: The Nakhla Raid.
Q529: Why did the Nakhla Raid cause severe political controversy in Madinah initially?
A529: Because the Muslim unit accidentally attacked the caravan during the sacred month of Rajab, when fighting was strictly forbidden by old Arab custom.
Q530: How did Allah resolve the controversy of the Nakhla Raid in the Quran?
A530: He revealed verses in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:217) stating that fighting in the sacred month is a grave offense, but preventing people from the path of Allah, disbelief, and driving people out of the Grand Mosque is a far greater offense in the sight of Allah.
Q531: What was the name of the minor expedition in 3 AH where the Prophet (PBUH) led 450 men to disperse a gathering of the Banu Tha’labah tribe who were planning a raid on Madinah?
A531: The Expedition of Dhu Amarr.
Q532: What miracle involving a pagan warrior named Gwarath bin al-Harith occurred during the Dhu Amarr expedition?
A532: Gwarath found the Prophet sleeping alone under a tree, drew his sword, and asked, “Who will save you from me now?” The Prophet calmly replied, “Allah.” Gwarath was gripped with fear, dropped his sword, and the Prophet picked it up and asked the same question. Gwarath accepted Islam.
Q533: What was the name of the expedition in 4 AH launched against the Banu Muharib tribe, where the Muslims performed the “Prayer of Fear” (Salat al-Khawf) for the first time?
A533: The Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa (The Expedition of Rags).
Q534: Why was that expedition named “Dhat al-Riqa” (The Expedition of Rags)?
A534: Because the rough desert terrain tore the companions’ shoes to pieces, forcing them to wrap old rags and bandages around their bleeding feet.
Q535: What was the name of the critical expedition in 5 AH to the Syrian border to crush a gathering of lawless highway tribes who were targeting merchant caravans?
A535: The Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal.
Q536: What was the name of the expedition in 6 AH led by Hazrat Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (RA) to secure the water outposts north of Madinah?
A536: The Expedition of Al-Ghamr.
Q537: Which companion led the strategic rescue mission known as the Expedition of Dhu Qarad in 6 AH to reclaim the Prophet’s stolen dairy camels?
A537: Hazrat Salamah bin al-Akwah (RA), who chased down the entire raiding party on foot using his unmatched archery.
Q538: What praise did the Prophet (PBUH) give Salamah bin al-Akwah (RA) after the Dhu Qarad rescue?
A538: He said, “The best of our foot-soldiers today is Salamah bin al-Akwah.”
Q539: What was the name of the expedition in 6 AH where the Prophet (PBUH) sent Hazrat Ali (RA) to destroy the pagan gathering of Banu Sa’d at Fadak?
A539: The Expedition of Fadak.
Q540: Which companion was dispatched in 6 AH with a unit to the territory of Banu Juhaynah, leading to a famous legal incident regarding a battlefield conversion?
A540: Hazrat Usama bin Zayd (RA).
Q541: What mistake did Usama bin Zayd (RA) make during the Banu Juhaynah expedition that deeply angered the Prophet (PBUH)?
A541: He chased down an enemy soldier who quickly shouted “La ilaha illa Allah” (There is no god but Allah) right before Usama struck him, but Usama killed him anyway, assuming he said it only to save his life.
Q542: What did the Prophet (PBUH) repeatedly ask Usama bin Zayd (RA) when he heard about the killing of the man who declared faith?
A542: He asked with intense grief, “Did you tear open his heart to see whether he said it sincerely or not?”
Q543: What was the name of the expedition sent to the Red Sea coast in 8 AH under the command of Hazrat Amr bin al-Aas (RA), where he requested reinforcements due to large enemy numbers?
A543: The Expedition of Dhat as-Salasil.
Q544: Whom did the Prophet (PBUH) send as the leader of the reinforcement unit to assist Amr bin al-Aas at Dhat as-Salasil?
A544: Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin al-Jarrah (RA), along with elite companions like Abu Bakr and Umar.
Q545: What tactical decision did Amr bin al-Aas (RA) make at night during the Dhat as-Salasil expedition that upset the soldiers but was later backed by the Prophet?
A545: He forbade his men from lighting fires despite the freezing cold, to prevent the enemy from realizing how small their army was.
Q546: What was the name of the expedition in 9 AH led by Hazrat Khalid bin al-Walid (RA) to capture the Christian prince of Ukaydir at his fortress?
A546: The Expedition of Dumah al-Jandal (Part 2).
Q547: How did Khalid bin al-Walid (RA) capture Prince Ukaydir?
A547: He caught him outside his castle walls late at night while the prince was out hunting wild cows.
Q548: What terms did the Prophet (PBUH) give to Prince Ukaydir when he was brought to Madinah?
A548: He spared his life, signed a peace treaty, and allowed him to keep his principality in exchange for paying the Jizyah tax.
Q549: What is the specific term used for the written records of the Prophet’s statements, actions, and silent approvals?
A549: Hadith.
Q550: What is the structural difference between Hadith and Sunnah?
A550: Hadith is the textual narration or transmission of the event, whereas Sunnah is the actual prophetic practice and law derived from those narrations.
Part 24: Unique Conversion Stories and Life Transformations (Questions 551–575)
Q551: Who was Safwan bin Umayyah, and what led to his conversion after the Conquest of Makkah?
A551: He was a staunch chief of Quraysh who fled to Jeddah to escape by sea. His cousin secured a two-month amnesty from the Prophet; Safwan returned, witnessed the Prophet’s extreme generosity at Hunayn, and embraced Islam.
Q552: What gift did the Prophet (PBUH) give Safwan bin Umayyah at the valley of Al-Ji’ranah that won his heart?
A552: He saw Safwan staring longingly at a valley filled with herds of camels and sheep, and told him, “Take it all, it is yours.” Safwan declared that only a Prophet could be so generous.
Q553: Who was Suhayl bin Amr, and what was his unique role before and after his conversion?
A553: He was the brilliant orator of the Quraysh who drafted the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah against the Muslims; he accepted Islam at the Conquest of Makkah and later used his legendary eloquence to keep the people of Makkah firm in Islam when the Prophet passed away.
Q554: Who was the companion known as the “Possessor of Two Testimonies” (Dhu al-Shahadatayn) because the Prophet made his single witness equal to the witness of two men?
A554: Hazrat Khuzaymah bin Thabit (RA).
Q555: Why did the Prophet (PBUH) grant Khuzaymah bin Thabit (RA) the status of a double witness?
A555: Because Khuzaymah stepped forward to witness that the Prophet had bought a horse from a bedouin, even though Khuzaymah wasn’t physically present at the sale, stating: “I believe you regarding the news of the heavens, so how can I not believe you regarding a horse?”
Q556: Who was Ka’b bin Zuhair, and what was the significance of his poem “Banat Su’ad”?
A556: He was a famous poet who wrote lampoons against Islam and fled for his life. He secretly entered Madinah, repented, and recited a majestic poem praising the Prophet in public.
Q557: What did the Prophet (PBUH) do physically to reward Ka’b bin Zuhair after hearing his poem of repentance?
A557: He took off his own personal Yemeni mantle (Burda) and wrapped it around Ka’b’s shoulders, making the poem legendary as “Qasidah al-Burda” (The Poem of the Mantle).
Q558: Who was Labid bin Rabi’ah, and what was his unique status among Arab poets?
A558: He was one of the authors of the famous Mu’allaqat (poems hung on the Kaaba); after accepting Islam, he gave up poetry entirely, stating that the Quran was more than enough for him.
Q559: Who was the chief of the Banu Sulaym tribe, Tulayhah bin Khuwailid, and what was his strange trajectory?
A559: He fought against Muslims at Khandaq, accepted Islam, then apostatized and claimed to be a prophet after the Prophet’s death, but later repented completely and died as a heroic Muslim warrior at the Battle of Qadisiyyah.
Q560: Who was Umayr bin Wahb, historically known as the “Demon of the Quraysh”?
A560: A Makkan assassin who plotted with Safwan bin Umayyah to travel to Madinah under the guise of freeing his son to assassinate the Prophet (PBUH).
Q561: How did the Prophet (PBUH) shock Umayr bin Wahb when he walked into Masjid an-Nabawi?
A561: The Prophet told him his exact secret plot, detailing what he and Safwan had whispered to each other next to the Kaaba. Umayr instantly realized it was divine revelation and accepted Islam.
Q562: Who was Urwah bin Mas’ud al-Thaqifi, and what did he report to the Quraysh during the Hudaybiyyah negotiations?
A562: He was the chief of Ta’if sent to assess the Muslims; he returned and said, “O Quraysh, I have visited the courts of Chosroes, Caesar, and the Negus, but I have never seen a king revered by his people as much as Muhammad is by his companions.”
Q563: What details did Urwah bin Mas’ud provide to show the companions’ devotion to the Prophet?
A563: He noted that if the Prophet performed Wudu, they would almost fight to collect the water drops, and if he spoke, they dropped their voices in absolute awe.
Q564: What happened to Urwah bin Mas’ud al-Thaqifi when he later accepted Islam and returned to Ta’if to preach?
A564: His own people turned on him and martyred him with arrows while he was calling the Adhan from his rooftop.
Q565: Who was the companion Wahshi bin Harb, and what did the Prophet request from him after his conversion?
A565: He was the slave who martyred the Prophet’s uncle Hamzah at Uhud; he later accepted Islam, and the Prophet forgave him but politely requested him to avoid sitting directly in his line of sight to prevent the painful memory of Hamzah from overwhelming him.
Q566: How did Wahshi bin Harb (RA) redeem himself later during the Caliphate wars?
A566: He used the exact same javelin that killed Hamzah to execute the false prophet Musaylimah the Liar at the Battle of Yamamah.
Q567: Who was the Christian scholar and ruler of the border province of Ailah, John bin Ru’bah, who met the Prophet during the Tabuk expedition?
A567: He approached the Prophet peacefully, dressed in a garment of silk, and agreed to maintain peace and pay the Jizyah tax in exchange for state protection.
Q568: Who was the companion Amr bin al-Aas (RA) talking about when he said, “No one was more hated by me than him, and I wished I could destroy him”?
A568: He was talking about his own feelings toward the Prophet (PBUH) prior to his conversion.
Q569: What did Amr bin al-Aas (RA) say about his feelings toward the Prophet after he accepted Islam?
A569: He said, “Then no one became more beloved to me than him, and I could never look him fully in the eye out of sheer reverence for him.”
Q570: What condition did Amr bin al-Aas (RA) try to place when he stretched out his hand to pledge allegiance to the Prophet?
A570: He pulled his hand back at the last second, stating he wanted a guarantee that all his past sins would be entirely forgiven.
Q571: What did the Prophet (PBUH) tell Amr bin al-Aas (RA) that comforted him completely regarding his past?
A571: “Do you not know, O Amr, that Islam wipes out all past sins, that the Hijrah wipes out all past sins, and that Hajj wipes out all past sins?”
Q572: Who was Mus’ab bin Umair’s brother who fought on the pagan side at Badr and was captured by the Muslims?
A572: Abu Aziz bin Umair.
Q573: What did Mus’ab bin Umair (RA) tell the Muslim soldier who was tying up his captive brother Abu Aziz?
A573: He said, “Tie his bonds tightly, for his mother is a very wealthy woman and she will pay a massive ransom for him.” Abu Aziz was shocked that his brother valued faith over blood.
Q574: Who was the wealthy chief of the Banu Kilab tribe, Al-Duhaak bin Sufyan, who accepted Islam and was appointed as a military recruiter for his entire region?
A574: Hazrat Al-Duhaak bin Sufyan (RA).
Q575: Who was the elite noble woman Hind bint Utbah, and what did she do when she accepted Islam at the Conquest of Makkah?
A575: She wore a thick veil to hide her identity out of shame for her actions at Uhud, but the Prophet recognized her voice, welcomed her gently, and accepted her pledge without a single word of reproach.
Part 25: Societal Shifts and Institutional Transformations (Questions 576–600)
Q576: What was the Prophet’s revolutionary policy regarding the inheritance rights of women?
A576: He abolished the old Arab custom where women were treated as property to be inherited, and established their divine legal right to inherit property from parents, husbands, and siblings.
Q577: What was the Prophet’s explicit stance on the forced marriage of girls?
A577: He made it legally invalid, stating that a virgin girl cannot be married without her explicit permission, and a previously married woman cannot be wed without her direct command.
Q578: What did the Prophet (PBUH) do when a young girl came to him complaining that her father had forced her to marry her cousin against her will?
A578: He gave the girl full legal authority to annul the marriage instantly if she wished.
Q579: What did that same girl declare after the Prophet gave her the power to cancel her forced marriage?
A579: She said, “I actually accept my father’s choice, but I wanted women to know that fathers have no legal right to force them into marriage.”
Q580: How did the Prophet (PBUH) change the old Arab perspective on having daughters?
A580: He condemned the practice of burying newborn girls alive (Wa’d) and promised Paradise to anyone who raises daughters with love and kindness.
Q581: What did the Prophet (PBUH) state regarding a parent who raises two daughters properly?
A581: “Whoever raises two daughters kindly until they reach maturity, I and he will be like this in Paradise,” holding his fingers close together.
Q582: What institutional framework did the Prophet (PBUH) set up to care for widows and the elderly who had no tribal support?
A582: He institutionalized state welfare, stating that running errands and providing financial care for a widow or poor person is equal to fighting in the path of Allah or praying all night without sleep.
Q583: How did the Prophet (PBUH) reform the prison system and the treatment of prisoners of war?
A583: He commanded his companions: “Treat the prisoners with kindness,” forcing the Muslims to give their fresh bread to captives while they ate nothing but dry dates.
Q584: What did the Prophet (PBUH) do regarding the age-old practice of slavery?
A584: He could not abolish it overnight due to global economic realities, but he systematically choked it by making the freeing of slaves the primary spiritual expiation (Kaffarah) for major sins.
Q585: What was the Prophet’s command regarding the social status and lifestyle of slaves/servants?
A585: He ordered that they must be fed from the exact same food their masters eat, dressed in the same quality of clothing, and never given work beyond their physical capacity.
Q586: What was the legal penalty introduced by the Prophet (PBUH) for a master who physically abuses or strikes his servant/slave?
A586: He stated that the only way to expiate the sin of striking a slave on the face is to set them free instantly.
Q587: What structural change did the Prophet (PBUH) make to the banking and credit system of Arabia?
A587: He established interest-free community loans (Qard al-Hasan) and introduced bankruptcy protection laws to protect debtors from being enslaved for their debts.
Q588: How did the Prophet (PBUH) reform the concept of property ownership?
A588: He ruled that natural resources like public water wells, green pastures, and fire resources cannot be privatized or hoarded by wealthy tycoons, but must remain public property.
Q589: What was the Prophet’s guidance on consumer protection and truth in advertising?
A589: He banned artificial price inflation schemes (Najash), where fake buyers bid up prices in a market to trick real customers.
Q590: What did the Prophet (PBUH) state regarding the safety of roads and public transit across Arabia under Islamic rule?
A590: He predicted that Islam would bring so much stability that a woman would eventually be able to travel alone from San’a (Yemen) to Al-Hirah (Iraq) fearing nothing but Allah and the wolf for her sheep.
Q591: What was the name of the special health and medical station set up adjacent to Masjid an-Nabawi to treat wounded soldiers and the poor?
A591: The medical tent of Hazrat Rufaida al-Aslamia (RA), who is recognized as the first female nurse in Islamic history.
Q592: How did the Prophet (PBUH) reform the old system of tribal alliances (Asabiyyah)?
A592: He replaced alliances based on bloodlines with a brotherhood based on shared moral values and faith, making a non-Arab slave equal to a Quraysh noble.
Q593: What did the Prophet (PBUH) say regarding the status of a person’s mother?
A593: When a man asked who deserved his best companionship, the Prophet replied three consecutive times, “Your mother,” before mentioning “Your father” on the fourth turn.
Q594: What famous phrase did the Prophet (PBUH) utter regarding the spiritual status of mothers?
A594: “Paradise lies under the feet of mothers.”
Q595: How did the Prophet (PBUH) balance spirituality with worldliness regarding monasticism (Rahbaniyyah)?
A595: He strictly banned permanent celibacy and monastic isolation, stating: “There is no monasticism in Islam; my tradition is to marry, work, pray, and fast.”
Q596: What did the Prophet (PBUH) do when three companions vowed to fast every single day, pray all night without sleep, and never marry to show their devotion?
A596: He corrected them publicly, saying that he was the most God-fearing among them, yet he slept, broke his fasts, and married, concluding: “Whoever turns away from my tradition is not from me.”
Q597: What was the Prophet’s revolutionary approach to education and literacy?
A597: He made the pursuit of knowledge an absolute religious obligation, stating: “Seeking knowledge is mandatory upon every single Muslim (male and female).”
Q598: How did the Prophet (PBUH) use war dynamics to boost literacy in Madinah?
A598: By allowing literate prisoners of war to earn their absolute freedom simply by teaching literacy to ten native children of Madinah.
Q599: What did the Prophet (PBUH) say about the ink of a scholar versus the blood of a martyr?
A599: He highly elevated intellectualism, stating that the ink of the scholar is holier and more precious in the sight of Allah than the blood of the martyr.
Q600: What was the ultimate vision of peace the Prophet (PBUH) laid down for humanity as recorded in his final directives?
A600: “Spread peace (Salam), feed people food, maintain family ties, and pray at night while others are asleep; you will enter Paradise in complete peace.”