Part 1: Ancestry and Early Life (Questions 1–20)
Q1: What is the complete lineage of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) up to his great-grandfather?
A1: Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul-Muttalib bin Hashim.
Q2: To which noble Arab tribe did the Prophet (PBUH) belong?
A2: The Quraysh tribe (specifically the Banu Hashim clan).
Q3: What major historical event happened in Makkah the year the Prophet (PBUH) was born?
A3: The Event of the Elephant, where Abraha attempted to destroy the Kaaba.
Q4: On what day of the week was the Prophet (PBUH) born?
A4: Monday.
Q5: Who named the Prophet (PBUH) “Muhammad”?
A5: His grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib.
Q6: What does the name “Muhammad” mean?
A6: The Praised One.
Q7: Who was the primary foster mother who nursed him in the desert?
A7: Halimah al-Sa’diyah.
Q8: What miraculous event occurred to the Prophet (PBUH) while living with his foster family?
A8: The splitting and cleansing of his chest (Shaqq-as-Sadr) by angels.
Q9: How old was the Prophet (PBUH) when his mother, Aminah, passed away?
A9: Six years old.
Q10: Where did the Prophet’s (PBUH) mother pass away?
A10: At a place called Abwa, located between Makkah and Madinah.
Q11: Who took custody of the Prophet (PBUH) after his mother died?
A11: His grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib.
Q12: How old was the Prophet (PBUH) when his grandfather passed away?
A12: Eight years old.
Q13: Who became his guardian after his grandfather’s death?
A13: His paternal uncle, Abu Talib.
Q14: What was the Prophet’s (PBUH) primary occupation during his youth?
A14: He worked as a shepherd.
Q15: What titles did the people of Makkah give him due to his honesty?
A15: Al-Amin (The Trustworthy) and As-Sadiq (The Truthful).
Q16: How old was the Prophet (PBUH) during his first commercial trip to Syria with his uncle?
A16: Twelve years old.
Q17: Who was the Christian monk who recognized the signs of prophethood in the young Muhammad (PBUH) during that trip?
A17: Bahira.
Q18: What was the name of the peace alliance the Prophet (PBUH) joined in his youth to protect the vulnerable?
A18: Hilf al-Fudul (The Alliance of Virtue).
Q19: How old was the Prophet (PBUH) when he married his first wife, Khadija (RA)?
A19: Twenty-five years old.
Q20: How did the Prophet (PBUH) prevent a tribal war during the rebuilding of the Kaaba?
A20: He placed the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) on a cloak and had every tribe leader lift it together. [1]
Part 2: Dawn of Prophethood and the Makkan Era (Questions 21–45)
Q21: Where did the Prophet (PBUH) go to meditate and pray before receiving revelation?
A21: The Cave of Hira, located on Mount Noor (Jabal al-Noor).
Q22: How old was the Prophet (PBUH) when the first revelation came?
A22: Forty years old.
Q23: Which angel brought the first revelation?
A23: Angel Jibril (Gabriel).
Q24: What were the first five verses revealed to the Prophet (PBUH)?
A24: The opening verses of Surah Al-Alaq (“Iqra bi-ismi Rabbika…”). [1]
Q25: Who was the first person to embrace Islam?
A25: His wife, Hazrat Khadija (RA).
Q26: Who was the first child to embrace Islam?
A26: His cousin, Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (RA).
Q27: Who was the first adult free man to embrace Islam?
A27: His close friend, Hazrat Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA).
Q28: Who was the first freed slave to embrace Islam?
A28: Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (RA).
Q29: For how many years did the Prophet (PBUH) preach Islam secretly?
A29: Three years.
Q30: Where did the early Muslims gather secretly to learn about Islam?
A30: The house of Al-Arqam (Dar al-Arqam).
Q31: On which hill did the Prophet (PBUH) stand to publicly announce his message to Makkah?
A31: Mount Safa.
Q32: Who was the first martyr (Shaheed) of Islam?
A32: Hazrat Sumayyah (RA), the mother of Ammar bin Yasir.
Q33: To which Christian kingdom did the first group of persecuted Muslims migrate?
A33: Abyssinia (Habashah, modern-day Ethiopia).
Q34: Who was the righteous king of Abyssinia who protected the Muslim refugees?
A34: Negus (An-Najashi).
Q35: Who spoke on behalf of the Muslims in the court of the King of Abyssinia?
A35: Hazrat Ja’far bin Abi Talib (RA).
Q36: Which two powerful Quraysh figures embraced Islam in the 6th year of prophethood, greatly strengthening the community?
A36: Hazrat Hamzah bin Abdul-Muttalib (RA) and Hazrat Umar bin Al-Khattab (RA). [1]
Q37: For how many years did the Quraysh subject Banu Hashim to a social and economic boycott?
A37: Three years.
Q38: Where were the Prophet (PBUH) and his clan confined during the boycott?
A38: Shi’b Abi Talib (The Valley of Abu Talib).
Q39: What is the 10th year of prophethood called in Islamic history?
A39: Aam al-Huzn (The Year of Sorrow).
Q40: Which two influential figures died during the Year of Sorrow?
A40: His uncle Abu Talib and his beloved wife Khadija (RA).
Q41: To which nearby city did the Prophet (PBUH) travel to seek allies, only to be stoned and rejected?
A41: Ta’if.
Q42: Who accompanied the Prophet (PBUH) on his journey to Ta’if?
A42: Hazrat Zayd bin Harithah (RA).
Q43: What is the miraculous night journey from Makkah to Jerusalem called?
A43: Al-Isra.
Q44: What is the ascension to the heavens that took place on that same night called?
A44: Al-Mi’raj.
Q45: What daily ritual was made obligatory for Muslims during the Night Journey?
A45: The five daily prayers (Salah).
Part 3: The Hijrah and Establishing Madinah (Questions 46–65)
Q46: What were the two pledges called that the people of Yathrib made with the Prophet (PBUH)?
A46: The First and Second Pledges of Aqabah.
Q47: What is the migration of Muslims from Makkah to Madinah called?
A47: The Hijrah.
Q48: Who was the companion chosen by the Prophet (PBUH) to accompany him during the Hijrah?
A48: Hazrat Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA).
Q49: In which cave did the Prophet (PBUH) and Abu Bakr hide from the Quraysh for three days?
A49: The Cave of Thawr (Ghar al-Thawr).
Q50: Who slept in the Prophet’s (PBUH) bed on the night of the Hijrah to fool the assassins?
A50: Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (RA).
Q51: What was the name of the expert tracker paid by Quraysh who tried to capture the Prophet (PBUH) but failed?
A51: Suraqah bin Malik.
Q52: What was the first mosque built by the Prophet (PBUH) on the outskirts of Madinah?
A52: Masjid al-Quba.
Q53: What was the original name of the city of Madinah?
A53: Yathrib.
Q54: What title was given to the Muslim emigrants from Makkah?
A54: The Muhajirun.
Q55: What title was given to the residents of Madinah who welcomed and supported the emigrants?
A55: The Ansar (The Helpers).
Q56: What was the system of brotherhood established between Muhajirun and Ansar called?
A56: Mu’akhat.
Q57: What is the name of the mosque built by the Prophet (PBUH) in the heart of Madinah?
A57: Masjid an-Nabawi.
Q58: At whose house did the Prophet (PBUH) stay as a guest when he first arrived in Madinah?
A58: Hazrat Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (RA).
Q59: What was the written constitution created by the Prophet (PBUH) to unite the diverse tribes of Madinah?
A59: The Charter of Madinah (Mithaq al-Madinah).
Q60: Who was appointed as the first official Muezzin (caller to prayer) in Islam?
A60: Hazrat Bilal bin Rabah (RA).
Q61: What was the original direction (Qiblah) Muslims faced during prayer before it changed to the Kaaba?
A61: Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis).
Q62: In which Islamic year was the Qiblah changed toward Makkah?
A62: 2 AH (After Hijrah).
Q63: In which Islamic year was fasting in the month of Ramadan made mandatory?
A63: 2 AH.
Q64: Who was the leader of the Hypocrites (Munafiqun) in Madinah?
A64: Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul.
Q65: What were the military expeditions led personally by the Prophet (PBUH) called?
A65: Ghazwat (singular: Ghazwah). [1]
Part 4: Major Battles and Constitutional Milestones (Questions 66–85)
Q66: What was the first major battle between the Muslims and the Quraysh?
A66: The Battle of Badr.
Q67: When did the Battle of Badr take place?
A67: 17th of Ramadan, 2 AH.
Q68: What was the strength of the Muslim army compared to the Quraysh at Badr?
A68: Muslims had 313 men; Quraysh had around 1,000 men.
Q69: Which major enemy of Islam and chief of Quraysh was killed at the Battle of Badr?
A69: Abu Jahl (Amr bin Hisham).
Q70: What major battle took place in the year 3 AH?
A70: The Battle of Uhud.
Q71: Why did the Muslims lose their initial advantage during the Battle of Uhud?
A71: The archers left their designated positions on the hill against the Prophet’s explicit orders.
Q72: Which beloved uncle of the Prophet (PBUH), known as the “Lion of Allah,” was martyred at Uhud?
A72: Hazrat Hamzah bin Abdul-Muttalib (RA).
Q73: What is another name for the Battle of Khandaq (The Ditch)?
A73: The Battle of the Confederates (Ghazwah al-Ahzab).
Q74: Which Persian companion suggested digging a trench to defend Madinah during the Battle of Khandaq?
A74: Hazrat Salman al-Farsi (RA).
Q75: What was the peace treaty signed between the Muslims and the Quraysh in 6 AH?
A75: The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
Q76: What was the pledge of allegiance called that the Muslims made under a tree before the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah?
A76: Bay’at ar-Ridwan (The Pledge of the Tree).
Q77: What did the Quran call the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah?
A77: A manifest victory (Fathan Mubina).
Q78: Which strategic Jewish stronghold north of Madinah was conquered in 7 AH?
A78: Khaybar.
Q79: Which companion was given the standard (flag) and opened the final fortresses of Khaybar?
A79: Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (RA).
Q80: What was the name of the first major battle fought against the Byzantine (Roman) forces in 8 AH?
A80: The Battle of Mu’tah.
Q81: What triggered the Conquest of Makkah by the Muslims?
A81: The Quraysh and their allies broke the terms of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah by attacking Banu Khuza’ah.
Q82: In which Islamic year did the Conquest of Makkah take place?
A82: 8 AH (Ramadan).
Q83: How did the Prophet (PBUH) treat the people of Makkah after entering the city victoriously?
A83: He granted a general amnesty, forgiving his former persecutors.
Q84: What did the Prophet (PBUH) do immediately upon entering the Kaaba after the conquest?
A84: He destroyed all 360 idols inside and around it.
Q85: What major battle against the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif took place shortly after the Conquest of Makkah?
A85: The Battle of Hunayn.
Part 5: Family, Final Days, and Legacy (Questions 86–100)
Q86: How many children did the Prophet (PBUH) have?
A86: Seven (three sons and four daughters).
Q87: Name the four daughters of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
A87: Zainab, Ruqayyahi, Umm Kulthum, and Fatima (RA).
Q88: Which of his children survived him?
A88: Hazrat Fatima (RA).
Q89: Which wife of the Prophet (PBUH) was the daughter of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)?
A89: Hazrat Aisha (RA).
Q90: Which wife of the Prophet (PBUH) was the daughter of Hazrat Umar (RA)?
A90: Hazrat Hafsah (RA).
Q91: What was the final military expedition led by the Prophet (PBUH) in 9 AH to counter a Roman threat?
A91: The Expedition of Tabuk.
Q92: What is the 9th year of Hijrah called due to the massive number of tribal delegations coming to accept Islam?
A92: The Year of Delegations (Sanat al-Wufud).
Q93: What was the only Hajj performed by the Prophet (PBUH) called?
A93: Hajjat al-Wada (The Farewell Pilgrimage).
Q94: Where did the Prophet (PBUH) deliver his famous historical Farewell Sermon?
A94: At the plain of Arafat (on Mount Arafat).
Q95: Which verse was revealed during the Farewell Pilgrimage, signaling the completion of the religion?
A95: “This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you…” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, 5:3).
Q96: In whose apartment did the Prophet (PBUH) spend his final days and pass away?
A96: In the room of Hazrat Aisha (RA).
Q97: What were the last words spoken by the Prophet (PBUH)?
A97: “Bal al-Rafeeq al-A’la” (Rather, the highest companion [in heaven]).
Q98: On what date and year did the Prophet (PBUH) pass away?
A98: Monday, 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal, 11 AH (June 632 CE).
Q99: How old was the Prophet (PBUH) when he passed away?
A99: Sixty-three years old.
Q100: Where is the Prophet (PBUH) buried?
A100: Inside Masjid an-Nabawi in Madinah, under the Green Dome.